Check to see if it's a security problem on the faulty computer. For instance, a Program Files folder where you don't have permission to create directories.

Try creating the destination directory yourself, and set its permissions to "everyone: Full access" and see if that allows the installer to continue. There's a chance that it might put the EXE there but the program still won't work because of a problem with system files, but who knows.

If all else fails, reverse-engineer the installed files on the good computer and hand-copy them to the bad computer.