Thanks, guys. Here's some responses:
Tom, unfortunately I've been to that site several times now...and it really doesn't say much other than "uninstall and reinstall."
The iPhone shows up as multiple USB devices to a computer. Odds are, part of this is working (iTunes sees it), but not the other part to present it as a camera.
Exactly, but I can't seem to find any information on how to get that camera part to install.
Also, do you have another camera to test with? Windows could also have an Autoplay problem in general.
I'll ask if they have something they could plug in.
You didn't say this in your post, but, have the system's autoplay settings been modified? (Control Panel, Auto Play.)
I spent quite a while on that screen. No, nothing has been altered on there. This is actually a brand new Windows 7 installation, only about two weeks old.
On my computer, the iPhone gets its own entry in that screen, see the attached screen shot. Is that set to something good, like "open folder to view files"?
The "Devices" section remains completely empty when the iPhone is plugged in.
When I first plug my iPhone into a computer, it prompts me to "trust this computer". Has the user said "No" to that question?
Do you mean on the computer or on the phone? If it's on the phone, how is that flag reset so I can get it to ask again? If it's on the computer, wouldn't uninstalling and reinstalling iTunes reset that flag?
Have the necessary drivers and/or iTunes been reinstalled on this computer? I know that iTunes installs things like "apple mobile device service" and "itunes helper" applications. Sometimes I remove those to keep the system lightweight. Did that get done to this computer?
Completely straightforward iTunes install, followed by a normal uninstall and a normal reinstall. Same situation.
When plugging in the iPhone, does it show up as a Little Yellow Boo Boo Icon in the device manager?
That's one odd aspect to this. I don't believe I got the little yellow icon, but the device did show up in the "Unspecified Devices" section of "Devices and Printers" (image below, though I can't remember which of those two unspecified devices it shows up as - only one of those two). In Device Manager, the only entry for the iPhone is the Apple USB Mobile Device or whatever.
I've heard that for most people, when they plug in their iPhone it shows in the left-hand side of the explorer window and you can go in and browse the photos and videos (I guess it's using MTP or something?). That's the part I can't get to work, I guess...